Evidence

Know your food: where the facts come from

Every link behind these pages, rated by how close it sits to the actual rule or record. Each one shows which pages rely on it.

P · 20

Primary: government, court or law. Preferred for every claim.

S · 49

Secondary: law firm, trade press, major media. Used when it reports the rule or record directly.

A · 4

Advocacy group or party to a case: their own data or claims. Shown with a label so you know who is speaking.

T · 6

Tertiary: encyclopedia or summary, a pointer only. A pointer only; confirm before relying on it.

1. 1FDA revokes regulation allowing BVO in food (opens in a new tab)fda.gov · Tier PBrominated vegetable oil
2. 2Health Canada removes brominated vegetable oil from permitted list (opens in a new tab)canada.ca · Tier PBrominated vegetable oil
3. 3Health Canada BVO safety assessment summary (opens in a new tab)canada.ca · Tier PBrominated vegetable oil
4. 4FDA: FD&C Red No. 3 (opens in a new tab)fda.gov · Tier PErythrosine (Red No. 3)What changes next
5. 5McGuireWoods: FDA bans Red Dye No. 3, sets deadlines (opens in a new tab)mcguirewoods.com · Tier SErythrosine (Red No. 3)What changes next
6. 6CBC News: Health Canada position on Red No. 3 (opens in a new tab)cbc.ca · Tier SErythrosine (Red No. 3)
7. 7Wikipedia: Potassium bromate (opens in a new tab)en.wikipedia.org · Tier TPotassium bromateWhat changes next
8. 8U.S. Right to Know: Potassium bromate (opens in a new tab)usrtk.org · Tier SPotassium bromate
9. 9PolicyCanary: Azodicarbonamide regulatory status (opens in a new tab)policycanary.io · Tier SAzodicarbonamide (ADA)Fact check
10. 10ChemLinked: ADA permitted in China under GB 2760 (opens in a new tab)food.chemlinked.com · Tier SAzodicarbonamide (ADA)Fact check
11. 11Hogan Lovells: TiO2 EU ban and FDA petition (opens in a new tab)engage.hoganlovells.com · Tier STitanium dioxide
12. 12UK Committee on Toxicity: Titanium dioxide statement (2024) (opens in a new tab)cot.food.gov.uk · Tier PTitanium dioxide
13. 13EU Directive 2006/52/EC (removes propylparaben) (opens in a new tab)umwelt-online.de · Tier PPropylparaben
14. 14Russia Chief Sanitary Doctor Decree No. 1, 18 Jan 2005 (opens in a new tab)pravo.ppt.ru · Tier PPropylparaben
15. 15Health Canada: parabens permitted uses revised (2021) (opens in a new tab)canada.ca · Tier PPropylparaben
16. 16Shimadzu application note: TBHQ not permitted in Japan (opens in a new tab)shimadzu.com · Tier STBHQ
17. 17Akin Gump: FDA synthetic dye phase-out (opens in a new tab)akingump.com · Tier SCitrus Red No. 2Fact checkWhat changes next
18. 18Dairy Processing: FDA revokes Orange B, proposes Citrus Red 2 revocation (opens in a new tab)dairyprocessing.com · Tier SCitrus Red No. 2Orange BWhat changes next
19. 19Wikipedia: Olestra (opens in a new tab)wikipedia.com · Tier TOlestra
20. 20CBC News: Ractopamine banned in China, permitted in Canada (opens in a new tab)cbc.ca · Tier SRactopamine
21. 21Processing Magazine: Russia bans US meat over ractopamine (opens in a new tab)processingmagazine.com · Tier SRactopamine
22. 22Pig Progress: China bans ractopamine (2011) (opens in a new tab)pigprogress.net · Tier SRactopamine
23. 23Senate of Canada committee: rBST not licensed (opens in a new tab)sencanada.ca · Tier PrBST / rBGH
24. 24Wikipedia: Bovine somatotropin (opens in a new tab)wikipedia.com · Tier TrBST / rBGH
25. 25European Parliament: Directive 2003/74/EC on hormones in stock farming (opens in a new tab)oeil.europarl.europa.eu · Tier PGrowth hormones in beef
26. 26Congressional Research Service: US–EU poultry dispute (opens in a new tab)everycrsreport.com · Tier PChemical washes on poultry
27. 27NPR: How safe is "chlorinated chicken"? (2025) (opens in a new tab)npr.org · Tier SChemical washes on poultry
28. 28CSG Midwest: Paraquat bans and Canada status (2026) (opens in a new tab)csgmidwest.org · Tier SParaquat
29. 29Health Canada PMRA: Atrazine special review decision (2017) (opens in a new tab)publications.gc.ca · Tier PAtrazine
30. 30US EPA: Chlorpyrifos current status FAQ (opens in a new tab)epa.gov · Tier PChlorpyrifos
31. 31USDA FAS: Russia bans GE cultivation and breeding (opens in a new tab)fas.usda.gov · Tier PGM crop cultivation
32. 32Beveridge & Diamond: Mexico constitutional GM corn ban (opens in a new tab)bdlaw.com · Tier SGM crop cultivation
33. 33NFU: EU renews glyphosate approval to 2033 (opens in a new tab)nfuonline.com · Tier SFact checkWhat changes next
34. 34Holland & Knight: Texas SB 25 warning labels (opens in a new tab)hklaw.com · Tier SWhat changes next
35. 35JECFA evaluation summary: Citrus Red No. 2 (opens in a new tab)inchem.org · Tier PCitrus Red No. 2
36. 36Food Safety News: US and Russia spar over ractopamine (Codex vote) (opens in a new tab)foodsafetynews.com · Tier SRactopamine
37. 37Moms Across America: 100% of top 20 fast food brands positive for glyphosate (2023) (opens in a new tab)momsacrossamerica.com · Tier APanera Bread lab findingArby's lab findingLittle Caesars lab findingDairy Queen lab findingMcDonald's lab findingPanda Express lab findingChipotle lab findingDomino's lab findingPizza Hut lab findingIn-N-Out lab findingBurger King lab findingWendy's lab findingDunkin' lab findingPopeyes lab findingViral claim check
38. 38Settlement Insight: Starbucks lawsuits roundup (Oct 2026) (opens in a new tab)settlementinsight.com · Tier SWilliams v. Starbucks
39. 39Daily Coffee News: Lawsuit accuses Starbucks over sourcing and chemical content (Jan 2026) (opens in a new tab)dailycoffeenews.com · Tier SWilliams v. Starbucks
40. 40PacerMonitor docket: Williams v. Starbucks, 2:26-cv-00112 (W.D. Wash.) (opens in a new tab)pacermonitor.com · Tier PWilliams v. Starbucks
41. 41NBC News: Starbucks accused of exposing NYC customers to toxic pesticide (2019) (opens in a new tab)nbcnews.com · Tier SFox v. Starbucks and customer suit
42. 42Top Class Actions: Starbucks must face toxic work conditions suit (Fox v. Starbucks, 2020) (opens in a new tab)topclassactions.com · Tier SFox v. Starbucks and customer suit
43. 43Packaging Insights: McDonald's and Burger King face PFAS packaging class actions (2022) (opens in a new tab)packaginginsights.com · Tier SClark v. McDonald's (and McDowell v. McDonald's)Hussain v. Burger King
44. 44Case summary: Clark v. McDonald's Corp. transferred to N.D. Ill. (2023) (opens in a new tab)studicata.com · Tier TClark v. McDonald's (and McDowell v. McDonald's)
45. 45CourtListener docket: Hussain v. Burger King Corp. (N.D. Cal.) (opens in a new tab)courtlistener.com · Tier PHussain v. Burger King
46. 46The Counter: Consumer Reports finds PFAS in Chick-fil-A, Burger King, McDonald's wrappers (2022) (opens in a new tab)thecounter.org · Tier SChick-fil-A lab findingMcDonald's lab findingBurger King lab finding
47. 47Wikipedia: 2024 McDonald's E. coli outbreak (opens in a new tab)en.wikipedia.org · Tier TQuarter Pounder E. coli outbreak suits
48. 48Fox19: Taco Bell, Taylor Farms sued over Cyclospora outbreak (Jul 2026) (opens in a new tab)fox19.com · Tier SCyclospora outbreak suits
49. 49Juris Law Group: Class actions newsletter, July 2026 (opens in a new tab)jurislawgroup.com · Tier SCyclospora outbreak suitsBerlinger v. Driscoll's
50. 50Juris Law Group: Class actions newsletter, August 2026 (opens in a new tab)jurislawgroup.com · Tier SCyclospora outbreak suitsSzabla v. Bimbo Bakeries
51. 51ClickOnDetroit: Michigan man sues Wendy's owner over E. coli outbreak (2022) (opens in a new tab)clickondetroit.com · Tier SMeyers v. Meritage Hospitality
52. 52CBS News: Chipotle to pay $25M to settle norovirus criminal charges (2020) (opens in a new tab)cbsnews.com · Tier SUnited States v. Chipotle Mexican Grill
53. 53Grainews: General Mills changing Nature Valley labels after glyphosate suit (Jul 2025) (opens in a new tab)grainews.ca · Tier SBeyond Pesticides et al. v. General Mills
54. 54Courthouse News: Cereal maker faces class action over herbicide (Bob's Red Mill) (opens in a new tab)courthousenews.com · Tier SFrankel v. Bob's Red Mill
55. 55ClassAction.org: Quaker Oats lawsuit over chlormequat (2024) (opens in a new tab)classaction.org · Tier SFitzgerald v. Quaker Oats
56. 56The New Lede: EWG sues EPA over glyphosate in oats (Apr 2026) (opens in a new tab)thenewlede.org · Tier SEWG v. EPA
57. 57Bayer press release: Monsanto wins Roundup case at US Supreme Court (Jun 2026) (opens in a new tab)bayer.com · Tier AMonsanto v. Durnell
58. 58Daily Coffee News: Microplastics elevated in hot coffee in to-go cups (Sep 2025) (opens in a new tab)dailycoffeenews.com · Tier SViral claim check
59. 59Fact Crescendo: Do Starbucks paper cups release 25,000 microplastics? (2024) (opens in a new tab)english.factcrescendo.com · Tier SViral claim check
60. 60CNN via KEYT: Clean Label Project tests 45 coffee brands (Aug 2025) (opens in a new tab)keyt.com · Tier SViral claim check
61. 61NBC Connecticut / AP: Lawsuit accuses Starbucks of mislabeling 8 sugar-free drinks (Oct 2026) (opens in a new tab)nbcconnecticut.com · Tier SWalsh v. Starbucks
62. 62ClickOnDetroit: Michigan woman sues Taco Bell, Taylor Farms over Cyclospora (Aug 2026) (opens in a new tab)clickondetroit.com · Tier SCyclospora outbreak suits
63. 63ABA Litigation: PFAS litigation expands to fast food (Cooper v. Burger King) (opens in a new tab)americanbar.org · Tier SCooper v. Burger King
64. 64Substack summary of Moms Across America heavy-metal results (2023) (opens in a new tab)valeriewilson.substack.com · Tier TIn-N-Out lab findingJack in the Box lab findingSonic lab findingPanda Express lab finding
65. 65Barilla Group: Barilla doesn't produce products with insect flour (Nov 2022) (opens in a new tab)barillagroup.com · Tier ANew proteins
66. 66European Commission: Approval of insects as novel food (opens in a new tab)food.ec.europa.eu · Tier PNew proteins
67. 67ANSA: EU authorises UV-treated mealworm powder (Jan 2025) (opens in a new tab)ansa.it · Tier SNew proteins
68. 68Store Brands: Loblaw introduces cricket powder under President's Choice (2018) (opens in a new tab)storebrands.com · Tier SNew proteins
69. 69Entomo Farms (Norwood, Ontario): company update, Sept 2025 (opens in a new tab)entomofarms.com · Tier ANew proteins
70. 70FDA: Compliance guide on declaring cochineal extract and carmine on labels (opens in a new tab)fda.gov · Tier PNew proteins
71. 71Food Safety News: Sunday Edition, cultivated meat (Oct 2026) (opens in a new tab)foodsafetynews.com · Tier SNew proteins
72. 72FoodNavigator: Where countries stand on cultivated meat regulation in 2026 (opens in a new tab)foodnavigator.com · Tier SNew proteins
73. 73Cultivated X: Close to a dozen approvals, none selling at scale (2026) (opens in a new tab)cultivated-x.com · Tier SNew proteins
74. 74DairyReporter: Remilk's animal-free dairy protein approved in Canada (Feb 2024) (opens in a new tab)dairyreporter.com · Tier SNew proteins
75. 75Green Queen: Bored Cow animal-free milk now at Target stores (opens in a new tab)greenqueen.com.hk · Tier SNew proteins
76. 76Nosh: Strive Nutrition partners with Perfect Day on animal-free milk (opens in a new tab)nosh.com · Tier SNew proteins
77. 77FoodNavigator-Asia: Thai insect company launches cricket pasta (Bugsolutely) (opens in a new tab)foodnavigator-asia.com · Tier SNew proteins
78. 78Gulf News: French pasta maker Atelier à Pâtes adds insects (opens in a new tab)gulfnews.com · Tier SNew proteins
79. 79European Commission: Chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl, non-renewal of approval (EFSA statements, 2 Aug 2019) (opens in a new tab)food.ec.europa.eu · Tier PChlorpyrifos